Mini Wallet Bagian 6 - Django Model CRUD

Publish on Feb 18, 2023 by Alfin F

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Laut Bercerita, novel terbaru Leila S. Chudori, bertutur tentang kisah keluarga yang kehilangan, sekumpulan sahabat yang merasakan kekosongan di dada, sekelompok orang yang gemar menyiksa dan lancar berkhianat.

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Pada tutorial sebelumnya kita telah belajar tentang Django Session Login dan juga telah mempelajari bagaimana penggunaan decorator auth login di Django.

Di tutorial ini kita akan belajar CRUD menggunakan Django Model. Pastikan juga Anda telah mengikuti tutorial terkait dengan Django Model.

CRUD identik dengan perintah SQL yaitu CREATE, READ, UPDATE, DELETE.

Namun bagaimana penerepan CRUD pada django Framework ?

Untuk itu, yuks ... sama-sama belajar penerapan operasi CRUD pada Django Model.

Perhatikan relational diagram berikut ini:

ewallet diagram // source of halovina

Dari gambar diatas ada sebuah table dengan nama account_type, table ini bisa kita sebut sebagai table master.

A) Template Account Type

Buat folder dengan nama account, kemudian buat file dengan nama index.html

{% extends 'base.html' %}
{% block content %} 
<h2>Tipe Akun</h2>
<div class="col-md-12 order-md-2 mb-4">
  <button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary">Tambah Data</button>
  <table class="table">
    <thead>
      <tr>
        <th>ID</th>
        <th>Nama Account</th>
        <th>Slug</th>
        <th>Created Date</th>
        <th>Updated Date</th>
        <th>Action</th>
      </tr>
    </thead>
    <tbody>
      <tr>
        <td>-</td>
        <td>-</td>
        <td>-</td>
        <td>-</td>
        <td>-</td>
        <td>
            <div class="dropdown">
                <button class="btn btn-secondary dropdown-toggle" type="button" id="dropdownMenuButton1" data-bs-toggle="dropdown" aria-expanded="false">
                  Action
                </button>
                <ul class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="dropdownMenuButton1">
                  <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="#">Edit</a></li>
                  <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="#">Delete</a></li>
                </ul>
              </div>
        </td>
      </tr>
    </tbody>
  </table>
</div>
  
{% endblock %}

B) HTML Form Account Type

Buat file dengan nama form.html, simpan di direktori templates/account.

{% extends 'base.html' %}
{% block content %} 
<h2>{{h_title}}</h2>
<div class="col-md-12 order-md-2 mb-4">
  <form action="" method="post">
    <div class="mb-3 mt-3">
      <label for="account_type_name" class="form-label">Tipe Akun:</label>
      <input type="text" class="form-control" id="account_type_name" placeholder="Tipe Akun" name="account_type_name">
    </div>
    <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">SUBMIT</button>
  </form>
</div>
{% endblock %}

C) Django Class Based View Account Type

Sekarang buka file views.py di app account, buat class dengan nama AccountType().

from django.views.generic import TemplateView
from django.utils.decorators import method_decorator
from django.contrib.auth.decorators import login_required

# Create your views here.

class AccountType(TemplateView):
    template_name = 'account/index.html'
    
    @method_decorator(login_required)
    def dispatch(self, *args, **kwargs):
        return super().dispatch(*args, **kwargs)
    def get_context_data(self, **kwargs):
        context = super().get_context_data(**kwargs)
        return context

D) Django Model Create

Buat sebuah class dengan nama AccountTypeCreate()

class AccountTypeCreate(TemplateView):
    template_name = 'account/form.html'
    
    @method_decorator(login_required)
    def dispatch(self, *args, **kwargs):
        return super().dispatch(*args, **kwargs)
    def get_context_data(self, **kwargs):
        context = super().get_context_data(**kwargs)
        context['h_title'] = "Tambah Data"
        return context

Kemudian tambahkan method post pada class AccountTypeCreate()

from .models import (AccountType as  AccountTypeModel)
from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect
from django.utils.text import slugify
from django.contrib import messages

.......
def post(self,  *args, **kwargs):
    try:
        typeName = self.request.POST.get('account_type_name')
        AccountTypeModel(
            type_name= typeName,
            slug = slugify(typeName)
        ).save()
        messages.success(self.request, "Tambah data success")
    except Exception as e:
        messages.error(self.request, str(e))
    return HttpResponseRedirect('/acc/account-type')

E) Django Model Read

Modifikasi class AccountType(), tambahkan kode berikut:

context['acc'] = AccountTypeModel.objects.all().order_by('-id')

Kode diatas berfungsi untuk mengambil semua data yang ada di class model AccountType()

Kemudian tampilkan data di index.html

{% extends 'base.html' %}
{% load humanize %}
{% block content %} 
<h2>Tipe Akun</h2>
<div class="col-md-12 order-md-2 mb-4">
  <a href="/acc/account-type/create">
    <button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary">Tambah Data</button>
  </a>
  
  <table class="table">
    <thead>
      <tr>
        <th>ID</th>
        <th>Nama Account</th>
        <th>Slug</th>
        <th>Created Date</th>
        <th>Updated Date</th>
        <th>Action</th>
      </tr>
    </thead>
    <tbody>
      {% for x in acc %}
      <tr>
        <td>{{x.id}}</td>
        <td>{{x.type_name}}</td>
        <td>{{x.slug}}</td>
        <td>{{x.created_date}}</td>
        <td>{{x.update_date}}</td>
        <td>
            <div class="dropdown">
                <button class="btn btn-secondary dropdown-toggle" type="button" id="dropdownMenuButton1" data-bs-toggle="dropdown" aria-expanded="false">
                  Action
                </button>
                <ul class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="dropdownMenuButton1">
                  <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="#">Edit</a></li>
                  <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="#">Delete</a></li>
                </ul>
              </div>
        </td>
      </tr>
      {% endfor %}
    </tbody>
  </table>
  {% include 'common_alert.html' %}
</div>
  
{% endblock %}

Selanjutnya tambahkan librari berikut di settings.py

INSTALLED_APPS = [
----
'django.contrib.humanize',
---
]

F) Django Model Update

Buat class dengan nama AccountTypeEdit()

class AccountTypeEdit(TemplateView):
    template_name = 'account/form.html'
    
    @method_decorator(login_required)
    def dispatch(self, *args, **kwargs):
        return super().dispatch(*args, **kwargs)
    def get_context_data(self, account_id, **kwargs):
        context = super().get_context_data(**kwargs)
        context['h_title'] = "Edit Data"
        context['acc'] = AccountTypeModel.objects.get(id=account_id)
        return context

Kemudian modifikasi form.html menjadi seperti berikut:

{% extends 'base.html' %}
{% block content %} 
<h2>{{h_title}}</h2>
<div class="col-md-12 order-md-2 mb-4">
  <form action="" method="post">
    <input type="hidden" name="account_id" value="{{acc.id}}">
    {% csrf_token %}
    <div class="mb-3 mt-3">
      <label for="account_type_name" class="form-label">Tipe Akun:</label>
      <input type="text" class="form-control" id="account_type_name" placeholder="Tipe Akun" name="account_type_name" value="{{acc.type_name}}">
    </div>
    <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">SUBMIT</button>
  </form>
</div>
{% endblock %}

Setelah itu modifikas tag html "edit", sehingga menjadi seperti berikut:

<li><a class="dropdown-item" href="/acc/account-type/edit/{{x.id}}">Edit</a></li>

Tambahkan method post kedalam class AccountTypeEdit()

def post(self, *args, **kwargs):
        try:
            account_id = self.request.POST.get('account_id')
            typeName = self.request.POST.get('account_type_name')
            acc = AccountTypeModel.objects.get(id=account_id)
            acc.type_name = typeName
            acc.save()
            
            messages.success(self.request, "Data berhasil di update")
        except Exception as e:
            messages.error(self.request, str(e))
        
        return HttpResponseRedirect("/acc/account-type")

F) Django Model Delete

Buat sebuah fungsi dengan nama accountTypeDelete()

@login_required   
def accountTypeDelete(request, account_id):
    try:
        AccountTypeModel.objects.filter(id=account_id).delete()
        messages.success(request, "Data berhasil di hapus")
        
    except Exception as e:
        messages.error(request, str(e))
        
    return HttpResponseRedirect("/acc/account-type")

Kemudian modifikasi tag "Delete" menjadi seperti berikut:

<li><a class="dropdown-item" href="/acc/account-type/delete/{{x.id}}" onclick="return confirm('Are you sure you want to delete this item?');">Delete</a></li>

G) Konfigurasi URL

Buat sebuah file dengan nama urls.py di app account.

from django.urls import path
from account import views

urlpatterns = [
    path('account-type', views.AccountType.as_view(), name='account_type'),
    path('account-type/create', views.AccountTypeCreate.as_view(), name='account_type_create'),
    path('account-type/edit/<int:account_id>', views.AccountTypeEdit.as_view(), name='account_type_edit'),
    path('account-type/delete/<int:account_id>', views.accountTypeDelete, name='account_type_delete'),
]